Firefighter Checklist for BESS Thermal Incidents

In the evolving landscape of renewable energy and energy storage, firefighters are increasingly met with unique challenges to ensure the safety and well-being of their community. While technology continues to improve, lithium-ion batteries present new challenges for firefighters and other emergency responders.Recognizing the need for specialized knowledge and actions, this checklist aims to provide firefighters with specific instructions and approaches to respond to and manage thermal incidents safely. It is designed to support first responders and asset owners/operators in thermal incident response, from pre-incident planning to post-incident procedures and debriefs.

Pre-Incident Planning & Preparation:

• Site Familiarization:Understand the layout, BESS design, and potential hazards (e.g., thermal runaway, electrical hazards).
• Risk Assessment:Identify potential consequences of incidents and develop an appropriate fire safety strategy. 
• Training & Procedures:Ensure firefighters are trained on specialized BESS response, including appropriate equipment and techniques. 
• Communication:Establish clear communication protocols with site operators and other agencies. 
• Equipment:Ensure the availability of appropriate PPE (e.g., SCBA, water/foam) and specialized tools (e.g., cooling devices, ventilation equipment). 

2. Incident Response:

• Size-Up & Assessment:Determine the extent of the incident, identify the specific type of BESS involved, and assess the overall risk. 
• Safety First:Prioritize firefighter safety, including maintaining safe distances from the incident, using appropriate PPE, and managing potential hazards like electrical arcs and toxic fumes. 
• Containment & Cooling:Implement measures to contain the fire and prevent further spread, utilizing specialized techniques like cooling with water or foam to prevent thermal runaway. 
• Ventilation:If appropriate, consider ventilation strategies, but be aware of the potential for deflagration hazards. 
• Fire Suppression:Utilize specialized fire suppression methods appropriate for BESS incidents, such as extinguishing the fire with water or foam, or using gas-based suppression systems. 
• Electrical Hazards:Be aware of the potential for electrical hazards and take necessary precautions, such as isolating the affected system. 
• Environmental Considerations:Address environmental impacts, such as the release of toxic fumes and the need for proper containment and clean-up. 

3. Post-Incident:

• Debriefing:Conduct a thorough post-incident debriefing to review the response, identify lessons learned, and improve future procedures. 
• Documentation:Maintain detailed records of the incident, including response times, tactics used, and any equipment malfunctions. 
• Follow-Up:Follow up with site operators and relevant agencies to address any safety concerns and ensure appropriate mitigation measures are taken. 

4. Specific Considerations for BESS:

• Thermal Runaway:Recognize the signs of thermal runaway and take appropriate action, such as cooling the affected area to prevent further escalation. 
• Toxic Fumes:Be aware of the potential for the release of toxic fumes from battery fires, and use appropriate PPE to protect against inhalation. 
• Electrical Hazards:Recognize the potential for electrical hazards, including arc flashes and shock hazards, and take necessary precautions to protect firefighters and the public. 
• Specialized Equipment:Utilize specialized equipment designed for BESS incidents, such as cooling devices and ventilation equipment. 
• Collaboration:Work with site operators, electrical engineers, and other relevant stakeholders to ensure a coordinated response